The use of a good email marketing autoresponder system affords you a tremendous opportunity to communicate with your potential clients in a way that virtually guarantees future sales.

The key to making any kind of sale is trust. At the most basic level, a potential customer has to trust that you will give them what you say you will give them. Beyond that, they have to trust that the product or service you provide them will be high quality. They have to be able to believe that you understand their needs, and are offering them a suitable solution.

Broken down like that, it sounds like it should be very simple to win a sale. However, people are not as trusting as they once were. More and more people have had the experience of being ripped off in one way or another. Particularly when you are dealing with clients over the Internet, it can be difficult to win the kind of personal confidence that is needed to secure a sale. Ultimately, the client has to feel secure before they will take a risk on you. And it is your job to help them feel that way.

The surest way to build that kind of confidence is to trade on your reputation. For example, I find it easier to order from Amazon than from XYZ Online Shop because Amazon has more to gain by maintaining its reputation than by ripping me off. This is essentially what we mean when we talk about authority.  You are an authority when your reputation is worth more than the individual product you sell.

One of the surest ways to establish yourself as an authority is to teach people something they didn’t know before. The more you are able to teach someone, the more knowledgable they assume you are.

Now you can simply put up a lot of useful information on your web site, but that has some drawbacks. For starters, it creates a situation where the client has to seek out the information on their own. The feeling this produces is often closer to being self-taught. One of the ways that companies have gotten around this is by starting blogs.

Because a weblog is time-sensitive and tends to be a little more informal than a traditional static web page, it tends to be more successful for building up your authority with your subscribers. It creates the feeling of a relationship in which you are providing excellent information and they are waiting for more. This is effective, but it is also a lot of work!

A blog is a commitment that only retains its effectiveness through long-term updating. That means creating more and more content. You also never get to assume that a particular visitor has been exposed to your previous work, but you’ll lose long-time subscribers if you rehash too much old information. So a lot of bloggers end up somewhere in the gray area, never really establishing as much authority as they may deserve, simply because they lose the ability to guage their audiences.

With email autoresponders, all of these problems are solved. There is no continued commitment to produce content, because every new subscriber will receive the same sequence of messages. All you need to do is keep your information up-to-date through minor editing. You also have much tighter control over the progress of each subscriber, because you get to design the sequence of messages to offer stages of learning. And unlike a static web site, an autoresponder series can give the recipient the feeling that they are being personally tutored. They receive a personalized message from you every so often, that is custom-tailored to their current knowledge level, and that they can respond to for extra help.

If your autoresponder series makes sense and shows your recipients how to gain the maximum benefit out of your product or service, you will not only have established yourself as an authority. You will have also convinced them that your product is truly useful. And what do you do when a truly useful product is supported by a knowledgable authority? You buy it.

In my last post I discussed some ways that you can use email marketing to build up positive feelings so that people will look forward to receiving your messages and feel relieved when they arrive. Rewards, even small rewards, play a huge role in shaping our motivation and determining the types of actions we will take in the future.

However, as important as positive reinforcements are for successful marketing, they are only a part of what it takes to motivate people to take action. And this is doubly true when you are trying to market your products or build your brand during a slow economy. When fragile markets and shrinking budgets are making people more and more hesitant to invest their resources, you have to develop an understanding of their hesitation.

People hesitate because they are afraid of making the wrong decision. They are afraid of wasting their time, their money, and their manpower, and they are ultimately afraid of failing. There are two ways that you can work with this fear: by defusing it, or by turning it to your advantage.

Email marketing offers an ideal platform for defusing fear, because it allows you to portray your company as a solid and reliable performer. You can emphasize your commitment by developing a regular schedule of mailing that go out just like clockwork. Over a long period of time, you become as familiar and comfortable as an old pair of sneakers. People come to feel at ease relying on you because they find that you stay with them in good times and in bad times.

Of course, not everyone has the luxury of being old faithful. But there are plenty of ways that you implicitly and explicity build the perception of reliability into your mailings. If you’ve been around a long time, you can celebrate the anniversaries of important dates in your company’s history. But if you haven’t, you can build the sense of reliability into the very fabric of your company by sending out company timelines that stretch out years into the future.

Above all, you want to position yourself as someone who can help with the problems that your potential clients are inevitably experiencing. And the best way to do that is to talk knowledgeably about those problems. Try building your newsletter around the idea that you are in the business of solving the problems that your clients experience.  Then your actual product or service is reframed–it is just another way that you’ve come up with to help people overcome the problems that you seem to know so much about. There’s something very comforting about that.

In my next post, I’ll explore the flipside of this equation: ways that you can turn your clients’ fears to your advantage, by placing the emphasis on what will happen if they fail to fully utilize your products and services.

Imagine you’re sitting around a poker table, staring down a handful of straight-faced players. Your cards are okay, but not great. You think they might be good enough to win if no one else has anything spectacular, but you probably would only be willing to bet a few chips. As luck would have it, the first round of betting takes place with only a small raise, so you go match the bet without a second thought.A second round of betting begins, with another small raise. Since it’s only a small amount, you match that bet as well. And another, and another, and another. Soon there’s a large pile of chips in the middle of the table, and many of them came from you. Looking over your cards, you realize that the situation has not improved much–your hand is still passable, but mediocre. Finally, someone places a bet that is larger than you are comfortable matching without a better hand.

You know you should cut your losses and fold, but you’ve already invested so much. You feel that you have a right to win, even without the cards to back that feeling up. And so, with some hesitation, you push your chips into the center even as you lament your poor chances at getting the chips back. What happened?

In the past I’ve written at some length about the value of cultivating a feeling of familiarity among your clients. Frequent contact by email is, of course, a highly efficient way to go about that. You put together a single newsletter every so often, add a little personality and a healthy serving of reassuring stability, and hit send. All at once, you’ve reached out to every person that has ever been interested enough in you to sign up for your mailing list. At this point you’ve done more to build your business than 95% of small business owners. But if your plan ends with the client merely receiving your message, you may still have missed out on a tremendous opportunity.

You see, it takes a lot of energy for a person to make a decision, to reach out and take action. So once you’ve taken an action, you tend to want to protect the energy you spent. You’ll be much more willing to take additional actions to protect your initial investment. This is how a lot of those internet scams work:  they draw people in by getting them to take small but significant actions in order to induce a commitment to seeing those actions through. Just like the skillful poker player who bets just as much as you’re willing to match… at least the first time around.

So how does all of this relate to email marketing? Well, you’re probably maintaining your mailing list because you hope that your subscribers will eventually take some sort of action. But too often that desired action will be a one-off, major purchase of products or services. A huge commitment, all at once! No wonder it takes clients so long to make their final decision!

But you can help the process along, by breaking the process down into smaller, more digestible chunks. It’s not much of an investment to accept something free, so you can offer a free report, free trial of your product, free training module… anything that is naturally connected to the product or service you hope your client will become committed to. You could e-mail it to them, but why not instead send a download link? It’s not much of a committment to click a download link. Maybe while they’re on the download page, you could ask them to provide a quick idea of why they’re interested, just so you’ll know what people want.

By now they’ve taken a few actions: signed up to receive the free item, click through to a download link, thought about what made the offer interesting to them, described it for you… Do you think they’ll be more, or less likely to open up the free trial and give it a spin? And once they’ve done that, wouldn’t it be much easier to just buy a serial number to activate the trial, rather than getting mixed up in a whole other product?

You can break this down even further. What if every newsletter you sent out offered a small reward for taking a small action, with no strings attached? Take our quick survey and we’ll give you a widget just for playing. Click the link to our blog and we’ll give you a funny video to watch. Tit for tat. Easy.

You can build a relationship with your subscribers, but it’s going to take more than just shouting in one direction. A real relationship goes both ways. So let’s brainstorm. What are some simple actions you could ask your subscribers to take that would benefit you both? What small incentives could you offer to build up your clients’ commitment to their relationship with you?

Conclusions drawn from analyzing survey data are only acceptable to the degree to which they are determined valid.  Validity is used to determine whether research measures what it intended to measure and to approximate the truthfulness of the results. Researchers often use their own definition when it comes to what is considered valid.  In quantitative research testing for validity and reliability is a given.  However some qualitative researchers have gone so far as to suggest that validity does not apply to their research even as they acknowledge the need for some qualifying checks or measures in their work.  This is wrong.   To disregard validity is to put the trustworthiness of your work in question and to call into question others confidence in its results.   Even when qualitative measures are used in research they need to be looked at using measures of reliability and validity in order to sustain the trustworthiness of the results.  Validity and reliability make the difference between “good” and “bad” research reports. Quality research depends on a commitment to testing and increasing the validity as well as the reliability of your research results.

Any research worth its weight is concerned with whether what is being measured is what is intended to be measured and considers the ways in which observations are influenced by the circumstances in which they are made.   The basis of how our conclusions are made play an important role in addressing the broader substantive issues of any given study. For this reason we are going to look at various validity types that have been formulated as a part of legitimate research methodology.

Face Validity

This is the least scientific method of validity as it is not quantified using statistical methods.  This is not validity in a technical sense of the term.  It is concerned with whether it seems like we measure what we claim.  Here we look at how valid a measure appears on the surface and make subjective judgments based off of that.  For example,  if you give a survey that appears to be valid to the respondent and the questions are selected because they look valid to the administer.   The administer asks a group of random people, untrained observers,  if the questions appear valid to them.  In research its never sufficient to rely on face judgments alone and more quantifiable methods of validity are necessary in order to draw acceptable conclusions.  There are many instruments of measurement to consider so face validity is useful in cases where you need to distinguish one approach over another.  Face validity should never be trusted on its own merits.

Content Validity

This is also a subjective measure but unlike face validity we ask whether the content of a measure covers the full domain of the content. If a researcher wanted to measure introversion they would have to first decide what constitutes a relevant domain of content for that trait.  This is considered a subjective form of measurement because it still relies on people’s perception for measuring constructs that would otherwise be difficult to measure.   Where it distinguishes itself is through its use of experts in the field or individuals belonging to a target population.  This study can be made more objective through the use of rigorous statistical tests.  For example you could have a content validity study that informs researchers how items used in a survey represent their content domain, how clear they are, and the extent to which they maintain the theoretical factor structure assessed by the factor analysis.

Construct Validity

A construct represents a collection of behaviors that are associated in a meaningful way to create an image or an idea invented for a research purpose.  Depression is a construct that represents a personality trait which manifests itself in behaviors such as over sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, etc.  The existence of a construct is manifest by observing the collection of related indicators.  Any one sign may be associated with several constructs.  A person with difficulty concentrating may have A.D.D. but not depression.  Construct validity is the degree to which inferences can be made from operationalizations(connecting concepts to observations) in your study to the constructs on which those operationalizations are based.  To establish construct validity you must first provide evidence that your data supports the theoretical structure.  You must also show that you control the operationalization of the construct, in other words, show that your theory has some correspondence with reality.

• Convergent Validity - the degree to which an operation is similar to other operations it should theoretically be similar to.
• Discriminative Validity - if a scale adequately differentiates itself or does not differentiate between groups that should differ or not differ based on theoretical reasons or previous research.
• Nomological Network - representation of the constructs of interest in a study, their observable manifestations, and the interrelationships among and between these.  According to Cronbach and Meehl,  a nomological network has to be developed for a measure in order for it to have construct validity
• Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix - six major considerations when examining Construct Validity according to Campbell and Fiske.  This includes evaluations of the convergent validity and discriminative validity.  The others are trait method unit, multi-method/trait, truley different methodology, and trait characteristics.

Internal Validity

This refers to the extent to which the independent variable can accurately be stated to produce the observed effect.  If the effect of the dependent variable is only due to the independent variable(s) then internal validity is achieved. This is the degree to which a result can be manipulated.

Statistical Conclusion Validity

A determination of whether a relationship or co-variation exists between cause and effect variables.   Requires ensuring adequate sampling procedures,  appropriate statistical tests, and reliable measurement procedures. This is the degree to which a conclusion is credible or believable.

External Validity

This refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized beyond the sample. Which is to say that you can apply your findings to other people and settings.   Think of this as the degree to which a result can be generalized.

Criterion-Related Validity

Can alternately be referred to as Instrumental Validity. The accuracy of a measure is demonstrated by comparing it with a measure that has been demonstrated to be valid.  In other words, correlations with other measures that have known validity. For this to work you must know that the criterion has been measured well.  And be aware that appropriate criteria do not always exist.  What you are doing is checking the performance of your operationalization against a criteria.  The criteria you use as a standard of judgment accounts for the different approaches you would use:

• Predictive Validity - operationalization’s ability to predict what it is theoretically able to predict.  The extent to which a measure predicts expected outcomes.
• Concurrent Validity - operationalization’s ability to distinguish between groups it theoretically should be able to.  This is where a test correlates well with a measure that has been previously validated.

When we look at validity in survey data we are asking whether the data represents what we think it should represent.  We depend on the respondent’s mind set and attitude in order to give us valid data.  In other words we depend on them to answer all questions honestly and conscientiously.  We also depend on whether they are able to answer the questions that we ask.  When questions are asked that the respondent can not comprehend or understand then the data does not tell us what we think it does.

Email Marketing plays an increasingly prominent role in running a 21st century Political campaign. In the 2008 US Presidential Election, which has generated worldwide interest, both candidates relied on email marketing to generate web site traffic, enlist volunteers for running a ground game, collect financial contributions from small donors, and to motivate their base to get out and vote. Whatever your political affiliation happens to be, or wherever in the world you happen to be, you can expect email marketing to play a prominent role in political campaigns from here on out.

In this article we’ll talk about what you need to do to run an effective political campaign by using email marketing. Email Marketing is a form of mass communication which is a discipline which is not altogether different from public speaking. Everyone can send an email to someone they know and write to that person in a way they will be understood. If you send the same message to a whole group of people you may get a different reaction from everyone you send it to. This is the tricky part of email marketing and a good politician will act as a good public speaker in their email marketing correspondence. This means they will carefully research their audience’s needs and carefully craft their words in order to make everyone in their audience feel like they are speaking directly to them. Once you have a message that resonates with your audience you will want practice good message discipline. A candidate is a type of brand which must be carefully controlled and their every word must be monitored. If a candidate goes off message then they give their opponent an opportunity to expose a weakness in their language in a way that would not be possible in carefully scripted language. In politics, often times what you say and do matters more than what you mean or what your intentions were.

You’re going to want to keep a consistent FROM address in your emails. You’ll use a different “From” name in your campaigns. Sometimes your From Name will be from the candidate themselves and other times it will be from the campaign manager or any number of key figures from your campaign. Keeping the From address consistent so that it is something like info@yourcandidate.com will keep consistency in your supporters email clients and will help avoid your message from being placed in junk mail folders.

The types of emails you send should be short text based messages that are clear, focused calls to action. These contain low-commitment calls to donate small dollar amounts or volunteer.  You can easily provide substance for these emails by posting links to ads or campaign videos, spin negative coverage by appealing directly to your supporters, report on gaffes by your opponent, provide information on meet ups and rallies, impassion your base by calling attention to negative attacks, and to otherwise focus your message in a way that will excite your supporters. Mainstream media isn’t powerful because people lack options on where to get news. The power of the media comes from its ability to write compelling stories that attract an audience. You will want to keep this in mind when using email marketing to tell your candidate’s story.

Ensure that your mailings are permission based. Your mailings will lose all effectiveness the moment they are regarded as spam by your subscribers. Your sender reputation will suffer and your email deliverability will drop. Candidates work relentlessly to build subscriber lists and they are very well aware of metrics such as open rates and link tracking. You will also want to use personalization tags such as your subscriber’s name to help keep things personal. If your mailing is anticipated, personal, and relevant to your subscriber then it will always outperform spam.

In order to use your subscriber list as an effective base for running a political campaign it’s important to define what that base consists of. A base is a tribe of people that have shared interests and vision. Every candidate has certain strengths with a particular base. Building a new base in politics as in marketing is very risky and expensive. Email marketing is an inexpensive way of building and maintaining a base. However, your success will ultimately hinge on building a base that you can then turn out to vote. This will still come down to your vision and how you are able to connect that vision with core constituencies of your electorate.

The holiday season means many things to many people. For some its a time for family and tradition. For others, the end of the year brings with it the promise of renewal, redemption, and rejuvenation. Its a time for looking back at the past while keeping an eye towards the future. Whatever your background or traditions we hope that this time of year holds special meaning for you too.

We’re pleased with the opportunity to serve you over the course of a year and look towards strengthening our commitment to your goals and needs for years to come.

As you may very well understand, many of us look forward to spending quality time with our family or loved ones. As a friendly reminder, our office will be closed from December 22nd thru December 25th.  We will be providing limited technical support during the time our office is closed.

On behalf of the entire ActiveCampaign staff we would like to take this time to wish everyone a safe, happy holiday and a prosperous new year. As always we wish you the best. Thank you.